前言
随着业务量增大,可能有些业务不是放在同一个数据库中,所以系统有需求使用多个数据库完成业务需求,我们需要配置多个数据源,从而进行操作不同数据库中数据。
正文
JdbcTemplate 多数据源
配置
需要在 Spring Boot 中配置多个数据库连接,当然怎么设置连接参数的 key 可以自己决定,
需要注意的是
Spring Boot 2.0
的默认连接池配置参数好像有点问题,由于默认连接池已从Tomcat
更改为HikariCP
,以前有一个参数url
,已经改成hikari.jdbcUrl
,不然无法注册。我下面使用的版本是1.5.9
。
server: port: 8022spring: datasource: url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/learn?useSSL=false&allowMultiQueries=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8 username: root password: 123456 driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver second-datasource: url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/learn1?useSSL=false&allowMultiQueries=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8 username: root password: 123457 driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
注册 DataSource
注册两个数据源,分别注册两个 JdbcTemplate
,
@Configurationpublic class DataSourceConfig { /** * 注册 data source * * @return */ @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource") @Bean("firstDataSource") @Primary // 有相同实例优先选择 public DataSource firstDataSource() { return DataSourceBuilder.create().build(); } @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.second-datasource") @Bean("secondDataSource") public DataSource secondDataSource() { return DataSourceBuilder.create().build(); } @Bean("firstJdbcTemplate") @Primary public JdbcTemplate firstJdbcTemplate(DataSource dataSource) { return new JdbcTemplate(dataSource); } @Bean("secondJdbcTemplate") public JdbcTemplate secondJdbcTemplate(@Qualifier("secondDataSource") DataSource dataSource) { return new JdbcTemplate(dataSource); }}
测试
@SpringBootTest@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)public class TestJDBC { @Autowired private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; @Autowired @Qualifier("secondJdbcTemplate") private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate1; @Before public void before() { jdbcTemplate.update("DELETE FROM employee"); jdbcTemplate1.update("DELETE FROM employee"); } @Test public void testJDBC() { jdbcTemplate.update("insert into employee(id,name,age) VALUES (1, 'wuwii', 24)"); jdbcTemplate1.update("insert into employee(id,name,age) VALUES (1, 'kronchan', 23)"); Assert.assertThat("wuwii", Matchers.equalTo(jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("SELECT name FROM employee WHERE id=1", String.class))); Assert.assertThat("kronchan", Matchers.equalTo(jdbcTemplate1.queryForObject("SELECT name FROM employee WHERE id=1", String.class))); }}
使用 JPA 支持多数据源
配置
相比使用 jdbcTemplate
,需要设置下 JPA
的相关参数即可,没多大变化:
server: port: 8022spring: datasource: url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/learn?useSSL=false&allowMultiQueries=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8 username: root password: 123456 driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver second-datasource: url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/learn1?useSSL=false&allowMultiQueries=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8 username: root password: 123456 driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver jpa: show-sql: true database: mysql hibernate: # update 更新表结构 # create 每次启动删除上次表,再创建表,会造成数据丢失 # create-drop: 每次加载hibernate时根据model类生成表,但是sessionFactory一关闭,表就自动删除。 # validate :每次加载hibernate时,验证创建数据库表结构,只会和数据库中的表进行比较,不会创建新表,但是会插入新值。 ddl-auto: update properties: hibernate: dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
首先一样的是我们要注册相应的 DataSource,还需要指定相应的数据源所对应的实体类和数据操作层 Repository
的位置:
firstDataSource
@Configuration@EnableTransactionManagement@EnableJpaRepositories( entityManagerFactoryRef = "firstEntityManagerFactory", transactionManagerRef = "firstTransactionManager", basePackages = "com.wuwii.module.system.dao" // 设置该数据源对应 dao 层所在的位置)public class FirstDataSourceConfig { @Autowired private JpaProperties jpaProperties; @Primary @Bean(name = "firstEntityManager") public EntityManager entityManager(EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) { return entityManagerFactoryPrimary(builder).getObject().createEntityManager(); } @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource") @Bean("firstDataSource") @Primary // 有相同实例优先选择,相同实例只能设置唯一 public DataSource firstDataSource() { return DataSourceBuilder.create().build(); } @Primary @Bean(name = "firstEntityManagerFactory") public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactoryPrimary (EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) { return builder .dataSource(firstDataSource()) .properties(getVendorProperties(firstDataSource())) .packages("com.wuwii.module.system.entity") //设置该数据源对应的实体类所在位置 .persistenceUnit("firstPersistenceUnit") .build(); } private MapgetVendorProperties(DataSource dataSource) { return jpaProperties.getHibernateProperties(dataSource); } @Primary @Bean(name = "firstTransactionManager") public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManagerPrimary(EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) { return new JpaTransactionManager(entityManagerFactoryPrimary(builder).getObject()); }}
secondDataSource
:
@Configuration@EnableTransactionManagement@EnableJpaRepositories( entityManagerFactoryRef = "secondEntityManagerFactory", transactionManagerRef = "secondTransactionManager", basePackages = "com.wuwii.module.user.dao" // 设置该数据源 dao 层所在的位置)public class SecondDataSourceConfig { @Autowired private JpaProperties jpaProperties; @Bean(name = "secondEntityManager") public EntityManager entityManager(EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) { return entityManagerFactoryPrimary(builder).getObject().createEntityManager(); } @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.second-datasource") @Bean("secondDataSource") public DataSource secondDataSource() { return DataSourceBuilder.create().build(); } @Bean(name = "secondEntityManagerFactory") public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactoryPrimary (EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) { return builder .dataSource(secondDataSource()) .properties(getVendorProperties(secondDataSource())) .packages("com.wuwii.module.user.entity") //设置该数据源锁对应的实体类所在的位置 .persistenceUnit("secondPersistenceUnit") .build(); } private MapgetVendorProperties(DataSource dataSource) { return jpaProperties.getHibernateProperties(dataSource); } @Bean(name = "secondTransactionManager") public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManagerPrimary(EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) { return new JpaTransactionManager(entityManagerFactoryPrimary(builder).getObject()); }}
测试
@SpringBootTest@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)public class TestDemo { @Autowired private EmployeeDao employeeDao; @Autowired private UserDao userDao; @Before public void before() { employeeDao.deleteAll(); userDao.deleteAll(); } @Test public void test() { Employee employee = new Employee(null, "wuwii", 24); employeeDao.save(employee); User user = new User(null, "KronChan", 24); userDao.save(user); Assert.assertThat(employee, Matchers.equalTo(employeeDao.findOne(Example.of(employee)))); Assert.assertThat(user, Matchers.equalTo(userDao.findOne(Example.of(user)))); }}